Al-Tayer Group Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1531 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? AL-TAYER GROUP: Al- Tayer group has headquarters located in Dubai, UAE with presence in operation in 12 countries in Middle East and beyond. It was established in 1979 and is private firm. It has 7900 employees of various nationalities. Businesses operated by Al Tayer Group are highly focused on quality in various fields like sales and services, automobile, cosmetics, interior contracting, perfumes and luxury. Portfolio of this group includes many leading brands e.g. Bvlgari, Ford, Ferrari, Gap, Gucci, Maserati, Harvey Nichols, Banana Republic and Armani. It operates in over in various markets in Middle East and have 180 stores. Apart from this they invest in supply chain management, travel agency services, real estate and tools manufacturing. The companies that Al Tayer group has are: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Al-Tayer Group Assignment" essay for you Create order Al Tayer Motors: it was established in 1982 which represents American and European manufacturers like Ford, Jaguar and Land Rover. Al Tayer Insignia: it is the luxury retail company of the group which is the largest in the Middle East. It represents the brand Harvey Nichols, Gucci, Armani etc. Al Tayer trends: it started in 2006 and represents 16 brands across four divisions of food and beverage, beauty, home and fashion which reflect the diversity in this segment. Al Tayer Tijariya: it is the leading distributor in the Middle East of cosmetics, perfumes and accessories. It solely distributes 50 international brands. Their mission revolves around passion trust and relationships. They want to be excellent in everything they do to get success. Their target market is vast and they have targeted males and females both by producing both cosmetics and automobiles. Their target market includes males and females of age above 20 and upper middle class. Job position that company wishes to fill is Project Engineer (Interior Fitout) Job Description: at Al Tayer Stocks we are looking for a project Engineer who can join the team and implement our programs for project in a manner that is organized and cost effective on site. The responsibilities would be: Assessing the material and employee requirement of a project accurately Obtaining projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s drawings Assist in preparing the accurate program of project Regularly supervising the site Updating client on the progress of project Ensure that project according to the desires of client Track the milestones and deliverables of the project. Job specification: Qualified Civil Engineer with an experience of 3 to 5 years in successful projects, in handling small to medium sized projects, in handling responsibilities as a project engineer. You must have good communication skills and people management skills along with an eye for detail and exposure of the environment of site. These are the qualities that we seek in you. JOB ADVERTISEMENTS INTERVIEW JUSTIFICATION: It was an informational interview and the questions I asked were as follows: What is the nature of business of Al Tayer Group? In how many countries do you have operations? How many employees work here? (rough idea) What is your core competency? Which brand is most famous in the Middle East? How many portfolios of products you have? What is your target market? Lower middle class or upper middle class? How is business managed here with so many branches and stores and outlets? How do you keep your employees satisfied? Do you offer them compensation? What is the working culture here? How do you manage your employees who have different nationalities and culture? SITUATIONAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS: Suppose that in a project, the team you are provided includes a member with whom you never able to build good working relations. Explain how would deal with this member? Suppose you are working on a major project but suddenly the priority of the project changes. What would you do? Suppose that you introduces a new policy which you team member are unwilling to accept. Describe how would you handle resistance of your team members? If you found out that a team member is not working up to the standard. What would you do? Tell me about a time where you had to face a major client who was not satisfied with your work even though you put all your energy and time? Two Employees whom I interviewed: Samantha Allen: She is the HR executive at Al Tayer group and has remained senior recruitment consultant at Charterhouse, recruitment consultant accounting and finance at Parkside Recruitment. She has more than 500 connections She has a 6 year experience of working at Al Tayer Group. According to her Al Tayer group has a portfolio of remarkable brands that are very famous in the world in fashion, home and luxury categories. Operations have been expanded in more than 12 countries successfully. She have skills in executive search, human resources, recruiting, talent management, interviews, technical recruiting, employee relations, employee engagement, employee benefits, behavioral interviewing, interviewing skills, competency based interviewing. Halyna Kitor: She is the GM human resources at Al Tayer Group and has past working experience at Harrods as human resources advisor. She got her education from Thames valley university, university college Kenosington and Lviv university of Ivan Franko. She has 339 connections. She has been employed at Al Tayer from last 8 years and 10 months starting in October 2005. According to her Al Tayer group is a very large and expanded privately held company with a culture where people from different nationalities can work with ease. There are 7900 employees working at Al Tayer Group. She has skills in employee relations, employee engagements, employee benefits, talent management and recruitment. Interview questions: I will ask these questions from both Samantha Allen and Halyna Kitor: What is your age? Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s your ethnicity? What is your employment status? What is your marital status? What is your employment status? How happy are you with your job? How do you feel about the benefits provided to you at Al Tayer? What would you change if you were the owner of the company? How is your experience working with company? Do you get appreciation for your work? Do you feel accomplished? Do you feel encouraged to come up with new ideas and presenting it? Does company keep you informed about matters that directly affect you? Are you satisfied with your involvement in decisions that affect your work? Is the work environment comfortable? Analysis and Findings: According to them they both are having a very good working experience of at Al Tayer Group because of flexible timings and a great team to work with. There is so much work in a day that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sometimes hard but they never get bored. They even get a chance to participate in various different projects and always enjoy them. They have learned a great deal from the diverse culture of the group. They found all employees at Al Tayer very co-operative and they both have good working relations with managers and other departments as well. They both found their job difficult and challenging at the start but thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the case everywhere as adjusting in a new environment is always hard, but once adjusted it was fun working at Al tayer. As both of them are in HR department they have to deal with people every day. Being a large and extended group, job gets tiring but they both have love for dealing with people so they enjoy it as eve ry day they get a chance to meet new people from different countries from all over the world. The management at Al Tayer is very supportive and makes sure that the culture and values of the company are followed at all time. They give a very good learning environment and also provide good opportunities and gives value to quality customer service more than anything else. They are open to change and enjoys a good mixture of Arab and west culture. Although they both are satisfied with their jobs and are motivated to work with Al Tayer but some issues that I found are that Al Tayer group doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide its employees with long term opportunities for their senior staff and they need to learn a balanced way to manage people to make sure that employees at all level are satisfied. The progress in company is very slow and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very difficult to get promotion as there are 7900 employees in this group. As there is a lack of management in the group it o ften happens that one employee or another doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get promotion or reward for hard work. Conclusion and Recommendation: I will recommend the Al Tayer group to: Provide more opportunities to its employees so that they can grow their career while working at Al Tayer Learn to manage people effectively as Al Tayer is a multi diverse group with employee from 100 different nationalities. When there are employees from so many different nations in one place there is always a conflict of interest an Al Tayer should find effective ways to deal with its employees. Being a large group, decision making process here is very slow and most of the views and ideas of employees at lower level are ignored which de motivated them. So in order to be even more successful in future, Al Tayer needs to make sure that employees at all level are satisfied with the working environment they are provided and that they get a chance to speak up.

Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay - 2859 Words

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, by Jared Diamond, attempts to explain why history progressed differently for people from various geographical regions. Diamond introduces his book by pointing out that history followed different courses for different people because of differences among peoples’ environments, not because of biological differences among people themselves. Through his convincing explanation for how civilizations were created and evolved throughout the course of history, he argues that environmental factors gave some societies advantages over others, allowing them to conquer the disadvantaged societies. While I agree with Diamond’s argument that the orientation of continental axis, availability of potential†¦show more content†¦The establishment of food production proved to be more fulfilling than hunting and gathering since it reduced the risk of starvation. Despite being provided with some of the advantages that came with tran sitioning to agriculture, many regions remained as hunter-gatherers. While some areas, such as the Fertile Crescent and Eurasia, had many advantageous plants and animals that could be domesticated, other areas, New Guinea, Eastern United States, and Mesoamerica, possessed limited availability. Some areas are simply not suited to agriculture of any kind, while others may support some crops that are suitable for domestication but not others. Likewise, while there were big animals living in several regions, those species were not suitable for domestication since they did not follow the six requirements, which involved being sufficiently obedient, humble to humans, cheap to feed, able to breed well in captivity, immune to diseases, able to grow rapidly (Diamond 1999, 169). On the other hand, in some areas, food production developed independently. However, only a few places developed food production without any outside influence, which included the Fertile Crescent in western Eurasia, Ch ina, the eastern United States, Mesoamerica, and New Guinea. In the Andes and Amazonians, and three areas of Africa, food production was also probably an independent development, but there areShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs, And Steel953 Words   |  4 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel Book Review Why do the origins of every major civilization lead to European conquest and settlement? How did Europe somehow gain the upper hand so early in history? Gun, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies delivers a clear theory as to why the Europeans were able to conquer almost the entire world in less then one millennium. Jared Diamond, an esteemed historian takes readers on a journey through time. He explains that through many different factors andRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1127 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel In his work, â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† (W. W. Norton, New York, NY, 1997) Jared Diamond attempts to explain why human history has carried out the way it has, he often refers to accounts from history to support his argument. Accounts that will be deemed adequate will discuss specific groups of people, at a specified period of time. Diamond suggests that guns, germs, and steel are three contributing factors for why the world is in its current state. It is not difficult to recognizeRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1490 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel. Jared Diamond discusses the reasons why geographical and environmental factors lead to a more rapid progression of certain civilizations throughout history. The book Guns, Germs and Steel portrays an argument that due to some societies’ access to an area witch contains sufficient amounts of wildlife and climates that are easily inhabitable, these societies developed into more advanced ways of living much easier and also earlier than societies who lacked these geographicalRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1145 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel Prologue: 1. Yali’s question puzzles over why the white people have become more successful than others. Diamond states that Eurasian societies were set to dominate from before 3000 B.C. He wants to know why other races are unable to be as advanced with technology and power. 2. Diamond’s first objection is implying that if we explain why some people rule over others we’re okay with the domination by others. 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He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. While studying birds in Papua New Gui nea he was asked the question of â€Å"Why you white men have so much cargoRead MoreGuns, Germs And Steel Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesGuns, Germs and Steel By Jared Diamond In the book Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond who is a biophysics scientist and a psychologist, set out on a journey to find out the reason behind great achievements and conquest of the Europeans. What is the secret of success of Europeans? His hypothesis was very original and at first looked very simple, it was guns, germs and steel. The journey of Diamond took over 30 years and helped him answer the main questions of human history and what is it thatRead MoreGuns Germs and Steel Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesAtahualpa. In a vain attempt to save Atahualpa, his subjects assembled one of the largest ransoms in history, an estimated $30 million worth of gold and silver. 7. Pizzarro completely surprised and overwhelmed Atahualpa’s empire; Pizzarro had guns germs and steel where the Incas didn’t. Pizzarro also had horses that terrified the Incas having never seen it. Pizzarro also had a written language and the Incas did not. 8. Availability of more consumable calories means more people equals strength ofRead MoreSummaries of Guns Germs and Steel2509 Words   |  11 Pagesadaptations. Chapter 3: Collision at Cajamarca Diamond details the conquest by Francisco Pizarro and a few hundred men over the Inca emperor at Cajamarca Peru in 1532. With the help of advanced steel weapons and armor, and horses and cavalry the Incas were easily defeated. They also brought new diseases, maritime, early guns, and centralized political organization. These however were only the small causes leading to the conquest--what allowed such a dominant culture to develop in the first place? ChapterRead MoreAp Guns Germs And Steel3483 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1: â€Å"Up to the Starting Line† 1. When did the history of humans begin? Around 50,000 years ago. â€Å"Human history at last took off around 50,000 years ago...† (Page 39) 2. Humans developed on what continent? Humans developed in Africa. â€Å"†¦, indicates that the earliest stages of human evolution were also played out in Africa.† (Page 36) 3. The Giant Leap forward occurred when? Around the time human history started, 50,000 years ago. â€Å"Human History at last took off

The Ways of Translation Neologisms Free Essays

Translation Principles for the Translation of Neologism in News Language Abstract In the world, Chinese and English has both the longest history and most people used compared with any other language. As the society developed more and more quickly, many kind of new information came out. Including them was that, there were a lot of neologisms in Chinese words. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ways of Translation Neologisms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people who do English translation study found that it is much harder to translate these words than any others. New words were born from the antiquity, and they could miss the most important things happened at that moment. So translating these new words were paid much more attention by researchers. New words in this paper are all based on neologisms in news language. This thesis aimed to study the translation of neologism in news language from two aspects—word formation of new words and the background of new words. And then with the help of Yan Fu’s Translation Principles for the Translation of neologism in news language, the paper will enumerate some translation strategies and some ways to improve the quality of neologism in news language. Introduction 1. Characteristics of Neologism in News Language 2. Principles for Translation of Neologism in News Language 2. 1Yan Fu’s Translation Principles 2. 2Guidance of Yan Fu’s Translation Principles for the Translation of Neologism in News Language 2. 3Significance of Translation of Neologism in News Language 3. Word Formation of Neologism in News Language 3. 1Adding New Meaning to the Old Words 3. 2Borrowing 3. 3Derivation 3. 4Blending 3. 5Abbreviation 4. Background of Neologism in News Language 4. 1Politics and Economy 4. 2Culture 4. 3Society 5. Translation Strategies Derived from Word Formation 5. 1Literal Translation 5. 2Liberal Translation 5. 3Transliteration 5. 4Combination of Liberal Translation and Transliteration 5. 5Omission 5. 6Translation According to the Background of Neologism in News Language 6. Ways to Improve the Quality of Neologism in News Language 6. 1Understand Background Knowledge 6. 2Learn to Look up Newspaper and Magazines for Reference Conclusion Introduction With the development of society, politics, economy and any other aspects of the world, languages had been exerted profound influence. That is to say, more and more new words have entered the word bank. Since these new words have a very close relationship with all kinds of new changes, new trends and new development in our society, translators and interpreters have the responsibility to translate these new words accurately so that foreigners will learn more about China’s development and national condition (Zhang Jian, 2003). You can hear many new words such as â€Å"blog, MM, lip-synching, Golden week†, even in CCTV1’s news channel like â€Å"House slave, gunmen, hype, the cottage†. If you don’t follow the fashion, you can hardly understand these words. What’s the most important, you can never find a school to learn it. As Newmark (2001) once said, neologism is perhaps the non-literary and the professional translator’s biggest problem. Nowadays, the ways of getting massages are various, but the most convenience idea is from news. We read news from newspaper, on line, on TV, on radio and so on . So, for helping others to read and translate with so many neologism, this paper will analyze the definition and the word’s formation of neologism in news language. And then the paper will enumerate several translation strategies and some ways to improve the quality of neologism in news language. 1. Characteristics of Neologism in News Language As Chen Chuxiang (1998) said: neologisms are relative. It is a new word today, and it may be not tomorrow. Zhang Jian (2007) thought, â€Å"News reports are open to the public, reflect the trend of times immediately, and hold responsibility for the whole society. These characteristics have determined the basic principles of news reports—honesty, accuracy and fairness. Therefore, translation of news language must also comply with these principles, and be easy to understand. Besides, Zhang Jian (2008) also said, as a branch of translation, news translation should comply with the principles of translation, too. At the same time, considering the special demands of news coverage and the fact that it is published to the public, and immediately reflects the trend of our times, when doing news translation,one should treat these basic principles much more flexibly. One should come up with the specific methods when meeting specific problems (Zhang Jian, 2007). As Nida, E. A. and Taber, C. (1982) once pointed out, â€Å"each language has its own genius†¦ Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon another, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes necessary to reproduce the message in the distinctive structural forms of the receptor language. † The Oxford Dictionary of New Words (1991) defines a new word as word; phrase or meaning that came into popular use or enjoyed a vogue during a certain period of time. These words is said to be the â€Å"weather report† to mirror the character all kind of area and time of the word. 2. Principles for Translation of Neologism in News Language 2. 1Yan Fu’s Translation Principles Translation principles and criteria can give instruction to translators. Also, they are the standards to measure translation quality (Wang Qi Yang Jingning, 2003). In China, since the great scholar Yan Fu put forward the three principles of â€Å"faithfulness†, â€Å"expressiveness†, â€Å"elegance†, more than a hundred years has passed. Yet it still exerts great influence for the current translation activity. According to Shen Suru (1998), â€Å"faithfulness† means that the translated version must first be true and loyal to the original version. Sometimes, in order to faithfully convey the meaning of the original text, form of the target language may not be consistent with the source language. â€Å"Expressiveness† refers to the principle that the content of the original version (including meaning, information, style etc) should be expressed in the target language very well so that readers can fully understand its original meaning. Elegance† means that the style of the target language must be true to that of the source language. â€Å"Elegance† concerns about the language style, therefore, when talking about the principle of â€Å"elegance†, people will usually focus on the translation of a passage. Since this thesis focus on the words translation, the principle of â€Å"eleganceâ €  will not be discussed here . In order to avoid various kinds of wrong translations and to improve the translation quality of new words, we should acquire the main principles of new words translation. . 2Guidance of Yan Fu’s Translation Principles for the Translation of Neologism in News Language ( 2. 2 , ) While employing Yan Fu’s translation principles to instruct the translation of neologism, we should pay much attention to many aspects special the following three. First of all, the basic principles of news reports—honesty and accuracy require the translator to fully understand the meaning of the neologism in news language, and to translate it exactly, without any incorrectness or distortion. Second, the principle of fairness requires that the translated version must be objective, with no emotional factor, for instance, discrimination. Third, because news reports are open to the public, translation of neologism in news language must take every person’s education background into consideration, trying to be as plain as possible and avoiding using some vague words. Research about the word formation of neologism in news language will help translators to learn more about the origin of new words. Some neologism in news language is developed from the old one. So it must have some connection with the old one. Having known the word formation of new words, one can easily understand the meaning. From this aspect, word formation can help translators adhere to the principle of â€Å"faithfulness†. However, not all the new words will show their meaning through their word formation. We can not understand their meaning by their word formation. Jia Wenbo (2008) once pointed out in the CE Translation for Current Affairs: from the perspective of linguistics, the meaning of a certain word can be grouped into connotation and reference. Reference means a linguistic form that refers to the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. It will be bothered by the outside factors, like context. Connotation refers to the meaning of a word that is added by its users. It is beyond the language itself and relates to people’ feeling and social behaviors. Sometimes, it can have political significance, social significance, situational significance, historic significance, cultural significance and other meanings in a certain cultural environment. It usually emerges from peoples’ emotion and thinking. Therefore, this kind of meaning is subjective and is hard to discover. Usually it hides behind the reference. Its expression highlights contextual factor, cultural factor, personal feeling. The accurate meaning is uncertain. For such kind of new words, we should pay more attention to their background information. Usually, their background information may give us some hint about their meaning. It is obvious that background information is conducive to the understanding of the meaning if neologism in news language. So background information will do a lot for translators to achieve the goal of â€Å"faithfulness†. In addition, relevant background information of new words in a certain field will help translators to learn more about right way to express their meaning. They will be very careful to choose the right words and employ some terms in the certain field to express their meaning. For example, if a new word emerges from politics, one may choose some formal words rather than some casual ones when doing translation. From this aspect, we may say that background information can also improve the expressiveness of translation. . 3Significance of Translation of Neologism in News Language As Shang Hong (2008) once pointed out, â€Å"With the further improvement of external publicity work, we need to show a more positive and brand new China to the rest of the world. The translation of Chinese new words plays a vital role in promoting our external propaganda work and cultural transmission. The refore, to translate these Chinese new words well will definitely improve the overall quality of Chinese-English translation as well as receive fruitful result from the external propaganda work†. By the same token, good translation of English new words will also help us to learn more about English-speaking countries, including their development in many social aspects, like economy, science technology, culture and so on. In this information era, how to translate these new words more effectively so that it will become easier for readers both from at home and abroad to accept and learn new things is of great significance. The translator should not only have a good command of both English and Chinese language, but also keep the pace with the development of modern society. Hence, to translate these new words is a laborious but not satisfying job (Yang Quanhong, 2003). To translate these new words, it is essential to come up with useful translation principles. 3. Word Formation of Neologism in News Language Neologism in news language is born with the society development, and it can mirror the most important things of that moment (Strang , Babara,1990). Liu Mingdong and Jiang Xuejun (2002) once classified the word formation of English new words into six groups: adding affixes, transferring, compounding, blending, abbreviation and adding new meaning to the old words. And Han Guoqing (2003) classified the word formation of English new words into Compounding, Borrowing from Proper Nouns, Abbreviation, and Borrowing from Foreign Languages. Besides, Huang Ping (2006) also classified the word formation of English new words into another six categories: Derivation, Compounding, Abbreviation, Blending, Analogical Creation, and Semantic Extension. All the above-mentioned word formation is related to the English new words. Few scholars have done some systematic research into the word formation of Chinese new words. 3. Adding New Meaning to the Old Words The most directness way to create a new word is adding new meaning to the old word. By this way, one can easily to remember a word and it can be very colorful meaning. By doing so, the original expression of the word has been divided into a new lexeme. From this aspect, we can say that if a word gains a new meaning, it has added a new lexeme to the vocabulary (Wang Rongpei, 2000). Such as space shuttle? sof tware? video phone think tank and so on. 3. 2Borrowing Borrowing words means using the basic meaning to decorate the new things. Through this way, these words can much more quickly spread and give person a easy way to realize. For example, â€Å"window† means an opening in the wall of a building which now have an other means as the window on computer. The same to the word â€Å"mouse†, it means a small animal with along tail, but now almost everyone know it refer to a tool with computer. 3. 3Derivation Vocabulary system is a developing system, and it not only proceeds words which are useful, but also change them, switch them, abound them and expand itself(,1999). Now we live in cyber society, so many new words about cyber appear. Like cyberspace , cyberage , cyberrevolution, cyberculture, cybernews, cyberlove, cybermania, cybercafe, cybercrime, cyberfraud, cyberlan , cyberporn, cybersickness, cyberkidnapper and so on. As we see, cyber above all means. Ayto(1999) pointed out that, from now on, the most used way to formation a new word is blending ,and almost three forth of new words are created by this way. 3. 4Blending We put two different meaning words into one new word, and it is named blending. Many Chinese new words are all born from this way ,so are English words. Internet? netizen? modem? email? codec ? avionics? smartdrv? forex? stagfla2tion? oopetitio? prosumer ? netiquette ? informania ? p sywar ( ),these words can be saw everywhere in news. When we use them, we may keep a habit like below: Netiquette ( )=et (? ) + etiquette ( ) ; informania ( )=information( )+mania (? )? We carry the front meaning of the first word and the tail of the second word together to be the new word. Besides some words are s craped by their conception like email ( )=electronic +mail ; netizen=network + citizen Barnhart(1995) wrote the book The Barnhart Dictionary of New English Since 1963. It had more than 6000 new words and about 900 words came from this way. 3. Abbreviation An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning â€Å"short†) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. The shortened form of a phrase can be referred to as acronym. And the shortened form of a word can be called as clipped words. The first category is usually applied in the abbreviation of many organizations and proper nouns, such as â€Å"PC (personal computer)†, â€Å"PDA (personal digital assistant)†, â€Å"SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization)†, â€Å"DINK (double incomes, no kids)†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In Chinese, we can also find such kind of new words, such as â€Å" )†, â€Å" ( )†,â€Å" ( + + ) †. 4. Background of Neologism in News Language 4. 1Politics and Economy ( ) After the afire of Watergate, this word spreads all over the word. So as the women liberation sport, after it , many new words came about like chairwoman( ),mono-sex( )? And the words deflation( )),value added tax( ),Euro( )come from Economy slump. During the 2009, the most famous black people Barack Obama let the whole world’s people know him. As a result, the new words using his name are born here and there. For example, adding (fy) behind the Obama was used widely. Could you please leave your hate and bigotry to the polit2ical forums? I want to talk football please. Thanks in advance. † â€Å"I understand your point, however, when you Obamafy your profile on he re, you invite political discourse. Kudos on the standard / hate and bigotry0 comment toward those who don’t want the junior Senator from ACORN to occupy the White House†. Besides, last year, the economic cris is has made many countries’ economy suffer great loss, affecting every aspect of our life. At the same time, many new words have emerged. Economic crisis has changed people’s living style. In their daily life, people begin to become economical. In order to advocate thrift way of living style, many newspapers and magazines launched â€Å"hundred yuan ( )† activity. 4. 2Culture Chinese people like the color red, and red is the national color. In China, red means lucky, happy and enthusiasm. To celebrate festival, wedding, and form, people use red to express welfare and mascot. Brides dressed in red, many lantern hung on the door with the color red, and the people who got the most welcome is called red people. So we can see many new phrases with red like red carpet red cedar ; red cell ; Red Cross ; red flag ; red scarf ; bright red ; red clay ; red blood cell ; red thread ; the red maple leaves. ( ) 4. 3Society Since 80th and 90th in the last century, with the rapid popularizing of computers and spread of Internet, the Internet culture has been causing significant changes in every corner of our life. A good case in point is â€Å"Blog†. Almost every net izen has a blog site, some even more. Many words related to blog has also entered our vocabulary, like â€Å" or Blogosphere†, â€Å" r celeblog†, â€Å" or charity blogger†, â€Å" or tree hole post†, â€Å" or online post bar† and so on. 5. Translation Strategies Derived from Word Formation Word formation has a close relationship with the translation of new words. Usually, five ways are employed in the translation of new words. They are literal translation, liberal translation, transliteration, combination of liberal translation and transliteration, and omission. For words which belong to a certain kind of word formation, we can use suitable measures to translate them. 5. 1Literal Translation Literal translation, also known as direct translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another in the way of â€Å"word-for-word† form. This kind of translation strategy can easily maintain the form of the source language. Usually we translate words one by one for example mad cow disease ( ) , Internet bar ( ) , compari2son – shop ( ) , video conference ( ) ,information superhighway ( ) , Gulf War Syn2drom ( ) , business tourism ( ) ,golden goal ( ) , chemotherapy ( ) , genet2ic engineering( ) , community care ( ) ,gene therapy( ,magnetic shift ( )and so on. It is very easy for Chinese people who just learn English for a short time and they can translate accurately like others. 5. 2Liberal Translation In liberal translation, the translated version must keep the content of the source language, but may have difference in its form. When words translated in such way first appear in news, readers may feel very strange. But they will soon be accepted by the publ ic. This method is usually applied to the translation of new words formed by word formation of â€Å"adding new meaning to old words† and borrowing. For example generalist /versatile educating( ) ? South Korean Trend ( ) ? pyramid selling( ) ? nest egg ( ) ? quiz kid ( ) ? mind relief ( ) and so on. Such as golf widow, football widow, TV widow, and computer widow, these are not meaning of women who lost husbands. They means women’s husbands enjoy golf, football, TV, computer so that forget they have wives. 5. 3Transliteration ( ) There are many words we had never seen them before, so we could not know their Chinese meaning. So we could only translate them by their pronunciation. Such as (Disco) , ( bikini) , ( clone) , hacker) , (media) , ( blog) , (? ) cool, ( ) talk show. And sometimes we could even know little of the meaning ,so we can together these two ways to translate like yuppie ( ) ,A IDS ( ) , bungee – jump ing( ) , beeper (BP? ) , pickup ( ) , gene bank ( ) 5. 4Combination of Liberal Translation and Transliteration Both liberal translation and transliteration have some drawbacks. To make full use of liber al translation and transliteration, and to avoid their disadvantages, translators usually employ a more effective method—the combination of liberal translation and transliteration. A good case in point is â€Å"bungee†. In Chinese, it is translated into â€Å" †, which has expressed the original meaning very well. â€Å" † is translated according to the pronunciation, and the word â€Å"? †, which means limitation, has reflected the spirit of this activity—to challenge the limitation. The word â€Å"? † which is translated according to its meaning, has shown the nature of this new sport—jumping from a tall building. Besides, since there are many kinds of jumping in Chinese, such as â€Å" †, â€Å" †, the Chinese version will not sounds strange to Chinese readers. So we can say that the Chinese version â€Å" is a very successful translation example in terms of â€Å"faithfulness† and â€Å"expressiveness†. Another example is â€Å" †. One of its English versions is â€Å"taikonaut (It refers to the Chinese astronauts exclucively)†. Obviously, the first part â€Å"taiko † is translated according to the pronunciation â€Å" †. By doing so, it has kept the original flavor of the Chinese phrase, therefore, being true to the original version. The second part â€Å"naut† means sailor. When combined together, they have reflected the original meaning of a person who travels in space for the Chinese space program. Also, the suffix is often seen in English, as in the words â€Å"astronaut† and â€Å"aeronaut†, so the English version â€Å"taikonaut† has also conform to the word formation in English, and is easy for readers from English-speaking countries to understand. 5. 5Omission With more and more people today using English in life, work, game, English has become one aspect of Chinese people. Many Chinese communicated to foreigners especially people who speak in English. We may talk both in Chinese and English mixed in sentences. And what’s more, some words can be heard or saw here and there just like Chinese word. When we reading books, massages, papers, watching TV, surfing on line, we will meet â€Å" MBA, WTO, IT ,CD, VCD, DVD, MTV†. We can use them directly without translating. 5. 6Translation According to the Background of Neologism in News Language As mentioned above, background information of neologism may help translators to improve the quality of translation in terms of both â€Å"faithfulness† and â€Å"expressiveness†. For some new words, if one translates these words only according to the facial meaning of a word, he probably can not faithfully express the essence of the sources words, and reflect the trend of times. By doing so, he has violated the basic principles of neologism translation—â€Å"faithfulness†. However, if one knows more about the background information of new words, he will find it easy to understand the connotation of new words, and make the translated version equal to the original one. The following are some examples: a. â€Å"Obamican†: If a translator knows nothing about the 2008 general election in America, as well as both the Republican’s and the Democrat’s support for Obama, he will probably not know that â€Å"Obamican† is blended by Obama and Republican. He may even not know that this word refers to certain Republicans who are deeply attracted by Obama’s personal charisma, and chose to vote for Obama in the election. Therefore, it is inappropriate for some to translate it into â€Å" †. A relatively suitable version is â€Å" †. Though it seems a little bit long, it has reflected the original meaning of â€Å"Obamican† exactly, and is easy for Chinese readers to understand. b. â€Å"BRIC†: If someone does not know that this new word appeared against the background of rapid economic development in these four countries—Brazil, Russia, India and China, he will probably translate it into â€Å" or so. Now, a widely used version is â€Å" †. Here, the Chinese word â€Å"? † has shown the economic power of these four countries, expressing the original meaning of four fast growing economies. And the Chinese word â€Å"? † reflected that the English version has the same pronunci ation as â€Å"brick†. In addition, the Chinese version sounds very fluent. It has grasped the background of the word â€Å"BRIC† and treated the basic principles of translation of news language very flexibly. By doing so, the Chinese version has fulfilled the requirement of â€Å"faithfulness† and â€Å"expressiveness†. . â€Å" †: When first comes to know this word; one may want to translate it into â€Å"kind customers†. A further research may lead him to understand that this term refers to people who sign onto a charity Website to donate money to the needy or set up blogs for charity purposes by using their real names. So a better English version is â€Å"charity bloggers†. The word â€Å"charity† has conveyed the original meaning of being kind, and the word â€Å"blogger† has shown that such kind of persons practice philanthropy though blogs. Therefore, the English version has faithfully conveyed its original meaning. On the other hand, the English version also conforms to the word formation of compounding. So it can be easy for English readers to understand. 6. Ways to Improve the Quality of Neologism in News Language ( , ) According to the above analysis, we may find that to translate new words in news language is by no means an easy task, though it only involves the most basic words translation. The process of translating these most basic new words involves knowledge in almost every field. Though the analysis in the previous parts of this thesis can not give us a definite answer, still it has provided some very important pieces of suggestion for us. 6. 1Understand Background Knowledge The news translation involves information from every aspect of our life. For example, when translating sports news, one has to know certain terms in sport, while translating economic news, one must knew well about economics. If a translator is not interested in and sensitive to new things and new phenomena, he will feel puzzled, and may even not understand the source word. On the contrary, if one has the habit of reading newspaper and magazines, he will find these new words easy to handle. So, news translators must pay special attention to these new words, and have a good command of their background information. 6. 2Learn to Look up Newspaper ; Magazines for Reference Of course, it is almost impossible to get familiar with every new thing and new phenomenon. After all, different person has different hobbies and interests. Some will pay more attention to news in certain fields, while totally neglecting other news. When translating news event that one is not very familiar with, one must learn to make full use of various kinds of resource. For some proper names, there is a standard translation version. We can find it in some state-owned newspapers, magazines, or televisions, like People’s Daily, China Daily, New York Times†¦ By doing so, one can avoid some unnecessary misunderstandings as well as some wrong translations. Conclusion The present paper is an attempt to the research about the translation of neologism in new language. From the above analysis, it is obvious to see that the translation of neologism in news language is a huge task. Sometimes, we can translate new words according to their word formation. And sometimes, we should consider from the perspective of their background information. Now matter what kind of translation measure one may employ, he must adhere to the basic principle of translation, acquire background information well, and learn to learn to look up newspaper ; magazines for reference. How to cite The Ways of Translation Neologisms, Papers

Italian revolutions Essay Example For Students

Italian revolutions Essay The Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age.The word Renaissance itself is derived from the Latin word rinascere, which means to be reborn. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, art, politics, and literature. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and the world around you. Talented individuals sought self-gratification through art, literature, and architecture, and their achievements would influence future generations for centuries to come. This great new movement was originated and centered in Italy, and without Italian contribution, would never have launched European society into the dawning of a new era. At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into some 250 self- governing city-states, ranging from small towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citizens each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, ruling out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and early 1400s, many large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families of the various Italian cities came to be known as signoria, with the chief official being called the signore. Soon, elaborate court systems, controlled by the ruling families, began to spring up in each city-state. At these courts, leading artists, intellectuals, and politicians gathered under the sponsorship of the signore and families. Other city-states had a form of republicanism, such as Florence and Venice did. In these cities, a group of upper class families controlled the government, and often looked down upon the common residents of the town, considering them to be inferior. A Venetian observer wrote about Florence during this time:They are never content with their constitution, they are never quiet, and it seems that this city always desires change of constitution as so the government changes every fifteen yearsIn Florence, which is perhaps considered the most important center of Renaissance learning in history, the Medici family dominated the ruling class. Under Medici domination, Florence became a signorial power and a cultural gemstone. It was during the reign of Lorenzo de Medici, that many great painters, sculptors, and architects flocked to the Medici family looking for sponsorship, knowing that Lorenzo was a great supporter of the arts. It was at this point, during the 1430s, which the Renaissance, an d many of its core philosophies, truly began to take off in Italy. Humanism was considered to be the most significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance. As its name implies, humanism was a philosophy that was characterized by its blending of the concern of the history and actions of all human beings, and their influence in the world, with religious duty. Prior to Renaissance thinking, medieval Europe considered life to be sinful and should despised, and that people should only be concerned about their duty to God and the afterlife. The humanists thought that every person has respect and worth and should therefore command the respect of every other person. The humanistic movement began during the early Italian Renaissance with the rediscovery of the writings of the classical Greeks and Romans, which were not only models of literary style, but considered guides to the understanding of life. The first and most recognized pioneers of humanism were Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio. Petrarch became known for his poetry, which can be described, like all humanistic writing, to be very realistic, critical, and more often than not satirical. Petrarachs style is close to those of the classical authors he studied, expressing his view accurately through the use of characters. He once said of his writing, The style is the man. His most famous contributions to the world of literature are his string of sonnets addressed to Laura, who appears as a real person, rather than a religious symbol, as in most European writings. Giovanni Boccacio studied and wrote at about the same time as Petrarch, is best known for his masterpiece Decameron, which consists of 100 stories organized to give the impression of a total

Desdemona Has Often Been Seen Only As The Innocent Victim Of Ma

Desdemona has often been seen only as the innocent victim of malice. This view does not do justice to the complexity of Shakespeare's portrayal and the play as a whole. To what extent do you agree with this judgement? Muz Desdemona is no doubt seen as innocent throughout the play, but her innocence is brought about as a result of Iago taking advantage of her sweetness to poison Othellos mind. As Iago goes deeper into his plans, the audience would feel sorry for Desdemona, as she is being falsely accused, and therefore they would see her as being innocent. But with close analysis of the text, Desdemona is not as innocent as one thinks. Brabantio is the first to misunderstand his own daughters actions. He describes her as being a maiden never bold and that she was stolen from him and corrupted. Brabantio believed that Desdemona could do no wrong and that black magic was behind it all. But when Brabantio hears about their true love from Desdemona herself, he seems crushed and hurt about the fact that his own daughter went behind his back to marry Othello. Also, Brabantio said that Desdemona had a quiet spirit but when he questioned her about Othello, she stood up for herself with confidence and admitted the fact that she loved Othello in front of many people. This just proved that Brabantio didnt know his daughter as well as he thought. Desdemona had deceived her father by running away from home to marry a black man without permission. . This would have been humiliating and quite degrading for a woman to do in the 16th century. By marrying Othello, Desdemona has proved to people that she is independent and that she can make choices of her own. Her actions are seen as inappropriate for a young, 16th century woman. Brabantio then gives a warning about his daughter. He says she has deceived her father, and may thee. This line should have straight away put doubts into ones mind, but the audience ignore it as they see Desdemona as being perfect. Also, Iago takes what Brabantio says to his advantage and uses it against Desdemona to poison Othellos mind. Othello in act 1 describes how they had met. He told everyone about Desdemona listening to his stories with a greedy ear and how eager she would be to see him. she loved me for the dangers I had passed Was this a good enough reason for Desdemona to run away and deceive her father, by marrying Othello? One could say that it was not a good reason, as Desdemona seems attracted to the physical, dangerous side of Othello, and also, the fact that she probably doesnt know Othello as much as she thinks she does. Desdemonas actions, when Othello was telling her the stories, were of a lot of confidence and she wasnt scared at all to hint to him that she liked him. We know about her hints as Othello says; yet she wished that heaven had made her such a man. In this situation, if anyone was going to be described as innocent, it would be Othello. He didnt take advantage of Desdemona when he was with her and he never hinted on anything. It was Desdemona hinting to him that she liked him, and Othello did the right thing by marrying her and not talking advantage of her there and then. a bold maiden surely does not act in this way in front of men. Roderigo, throughout the whole play, thinks that he can buy Desdemonas love. This is most probably due to Iagos influence. Iago convinces Roderigo that Desdemona must have change and that if he put money in thy purse, he would win Desdemonas heart. It is quite shocking that Roderigo thinks so low of Desdemona, but this could be as a result of past experience between the two of them. Desdemona in Act 2 is seen to be talking quite freely with Iago. Critics have described her conversation as cheap backchat. Desdemona says, I am not merry, but I do beguile the thing I am by seeming otherwise. Here, Desdemona is more or less saying, I am not what I am. This is an echo of Iagos personality.

Voluntary Bribery essays

Voluntary Bribery essays Political Action Committees by definition are "associations of individuals who, exercising the First Amendment rights of political speech and association, advance their political and/or ideological goals by pooling their resources to make contributions and/or expenditures to affect the outcome of an election" (www.pacfinder.com). The fact that corporate America determines the outcomes of our elections, influences our law makers', and has all but total control over our government has been greatly concealed from the American public. The reason for this concealment is because Superclass leaders prefer to keep the existence of and details about the extent of their class-based power out of sight. Also, the above definition does not suggest that corporations are one of these superclass powers and that they have influence over political campaigns/elections. The truth however, of their existence in this process is clearly evident to the person who is seeking it. As former president Woodrow Wilson once observed, "the masters of the government of the United States are the combined capitalists and manufacturers of the U.S." (The New Class Society, Pg. 103). President Wilson's comments although correct, were frowned upon by the superclass and thusly his works and achievements have been greatly marginalized by the privileged-class-controlled mass media. This suggests that our elected officials are merely representatives of the superclass and once they act in a manner representing the working or poor-classes their power and influence is quickly undermined or outright removed. Current day political campaigns can be thought of as battles to an extent. The days of a person fighting for what he believes in are over. Times have shown the person with the most money and backers wins an election today. When we see a person on television running for a particular office, we just see him. What the vast majority of people do not see and are not al...

Corporate Faliure Maxwell Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Faliure Maxwell Communications - Essay Example In Britain rates of insolvency have risen to historic highs, punctuated quite dramatically by company failures from Rolls Royce through the Olympia and York failure (the developers of London's Docklands), and the collapse of the Maxwell communications empire. Because struggling debtor corporations frequently raid their pension funds for cash, which consequently are under-funded when companies declare bankruptcy, significant private costs have been off-loaded onto the government. Furthermore, failing firms do not pay their taxes, and so the tax authorities frequently join the list of unpaid creditors (Altman2003). Yet bankruptcy is not without its beneficiaries. Just as a deadly epidemic is lucrative for undertakers and morticians, the vast sums of money involved in the largest corporate bankruptcies have exerted a magnetic effect on the most sophisticated--and expensive--corporate lawyers and accountants. ... accounting, in both the United States and Britain, have become prestigious revenue-centers for law and accounting firms, so much so that in the United States there is increasing pressure to pare down the size of professional fees. During the 1980s, several of the largest accounting firms in Britain merged with small boutique insolvency firms, such as Cork Gully's assimilation by Coopers and Lybrand, just as numbers of large United States law firms absorbed smaller bankruptcy specialist firms simply in order to acquire their expertise in a quickly growing area (Altman2003). the case of Maxwell shows that despite the far-reaching practical implications of such legal change, bankruptcy law opens up an almost virgin field of inquiry for sociolegal scholars and sociologists. Given the enormous impact bankruptcy reforms are alleged to have, little research has appraised what or who shaped the bankruptcy laws in either country. Empirical studies document the aftermath and apparent consequentiality of the reforms. Bankruptcy law provides an especially valuable site to account for the distribution of power among corporations for two reasons. On the one hand, at the moment of bankruptcy, every credit relationship, which is to say every financial relationship with other companies, banks, the state, consumers, suppliers, workers, and even communities, is simultaneously thrown into doubt. In principle, every player in the organizational network is at the bankruptcy table. All their interests are manifest, as each vies for a piece of a pie that will be too small to satisfy them all. On the other hand, who wins is directly contingent upon statutory priority or on the strength of their security--the legal instruments creditors have used to protect their interests. This conjunction

Project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Project management - Assignment Example I would define the scope of this project by aligning all the products of the project, their features and requirements that is the totality to the entire project work. This involves a proper structure and framework of the breakdown of the products or task involves in the projects along with the description of each task and steps involved in it (Fleming & Koppelman, 2000). In order to determine the scope of this project, I would first consider the objectives of the project, the goals of the project, the phases and sub phase involved in it, the tasks, resources, time, budget and scheduling of the project. The critical path of a project helps in planning, organizing and managing the entire project. It steps down each important step involved in the project. This listing helps in determining what need to be done before and what is required to be done later. The cost, time and resources required to perform these activities are attached in the critical path. If Penny Black would formulated the critical path she would have got a clear picture reflecting the entire journey of the project along with critical points. She would be able to get the idea which task needed to be done before and comes after the initial task. For instance if she would work on the size of the pumps and compressors earlier she would not end up with the wrong orders (Schwalbe, 2013). With the help of Gantt chart, Penny would be able to allocate the project activities in accordance with the time. The Gantt chart also helps her in keeping the track of project’s progress along with the running of costs. Gantt chart are flexible management tool, hence for any changes that occurred during the project she would be able to maintain a proper flow of the tasks and the progress. This tool is very beneficial for the planning process and once utilize properly it reduces the chance of errors (Pich et al., 2002). With that there are some specific techniques that

Comparision of the similarities and differences between Economic Value Research Paper

Comparision of the similarities and differences between Economic Value Added (EVA) and Residual Income as a measure of corporate performance - Research Paper Example The purpose of this paper is to discuss residual income and economic value addded approach in order to compare and contrast their differennces and similarities. EVA is a concept created by the consulting firm Stern Steward & Company (Keys & Azamhuzjaev & Mackey, 2001). EVA is a wealth metric that is commonly referred too as economic profits. In mathematical terms EVA is calculated by taking net operating profits after tax (NOPAT) and reducing NOPAT by your total cost of capital which includes the combination of borrowing and equity costs (Exinfm, 2009). EVA has become a very popular tool in the corporate world. Many multinational corporations have utilized the concept to increase the value of their common stock. After the inception of EVA Coca-Cola stocks rose 200% from 1987 to 1993; another example is CVX whose stock rose from $28 to $75 in a five year span after adopting EVA (Chen & Dodd, 2001). Despite the these sucesss stories there is not enough emperical evidence to support the claim that adopting the managerial practice to optimize EVA is correlated with price increments in stock valuation. EVA is a concept that is relalative new in c omparison with other financial metrics such as earnings per share (EPS) and residual income. The application of EVA and its support and validity may replace EPS in the future an indicator that is included in the income statements of public corporations.

Analysis of Australia and New Zealand Sustainability

Analysis of Australia and New Zealand Sustainability In the recent years, following increasing societal urges for responsible practices, involvement of the community, accountability, demand for more transparency, better working standards, contained GHGs emissions, and multiple other environmental and social elements (Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim, 2014, p.1) has given rise to a growing demand from stakeholders for corporate organisations to produce sustainable reports. Sustainable reporting as stated in the GRI 101: foundation is an organizations practice of reporting publicly on its economic, environmental, and/or social impacts, and hence its contributions positive or negative towards the goal of sustainable development (2016, p. 3). This report aims at evaluating various sustainability reporting tools and assess their impacts within the Australian context. Sustainability framework can be described as a set of guidelines put together to assist organisations producing a sustainability report with emphasis on a businesss material aspects, while focusing on the selection of the boundaries of the report. Above all, the framework highlights transparent reporting writing formats by providing technically-reviewed content and disclosure requirements (A GRI report is, 2017). These frameworks usually instigate a synoptic awareness risks and environmental impacts as well as opportunities/innovations. They additionally push for transparency regarding management strategies and quantifiable actions. They are astute about targeting areas that will have consequential impacts that ultimately translate to value for stakeholders (Some 227 members, 2016) For the purpose of this essay, the 2016 sustainability report of The Australian and New Zealand Banking Group has been studied. The report has been generated with the aid of various sustainability frameworks, however there are three major frameworks which are being considered namely DJSI (Dow Jones Sustainability Index), CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) and GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). The DJSI is a widely used sustainability framework which has some of the most advanced ESG index solutions put at the disposal to the asset management industry through an unprecedented set of criteria for gathering, analyzing, quantifying, and distributing ESG data. It basically consists of industries specific questionnaires featuring 80-120 questions aligned with the companies financially relevant economic, environmental and social factors that accompanies the conventional financial analysis. A major part of the corporate sustainability assessment is the Media and Stakeholder Analysis (MSA) which audits publicly available information and assesses whether the companies management systems are translating into performance (The RobecoSAM Corporate, 2016). The CDP framework is a tool for decision makers for them to capitalize on opportunities and manage risks via their environmental performances (We understand that, 2017).The CDP overlaps with other framework in terms of its approach through sending out questionnaires to businesses in the denomination of the investors backing the initiative, the Carbon Disclosure Project amasses information on the companies environmental activities such as the monitoring and reduction of carbon emissions. This information accommodates the investors to make apprised, climate risk-related decisions in their investment process. Predicated on the data it has amassed, the CDP withal publishes in-depth analyses on sundry environmental subjects every year, covering a wide range of geographical regions (Samuel O. Idowu, 2013) The GRI Reporting Framework is meant to be a framework accepted by all organization for reporting on their economic, environmental, and social performance, regardless their size, sector, or location. It takes into consideration the practical issues faced by various organizations ranging ones having local operations to ones dispersing their operations internationally. The GRI Reporting Framework contains general as well as sector-specific content that has been agreed by multitude of stakeholders globally to be applied generally for reporting an organizations sustainability performance. The Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, now standards in the GRI are made up of principles for which define report content and ensure the quality of reported information. It also includes Standard Disclosures consisting of Performance Indicators and other disclosure items and guidance on specific technical topics in reporting (Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, 2016, p.3). CDP provides a framework for firms to measure and disclose their Greenhouse Gas (GHG), water, and supply chain performance. While the prime objective of CDP is climate change mitigation and protection of natural resources. GRI and DJSI, on the other hand, focus on the economic, environmental, and social impact of an organizations material activities on its stakeholders. The CDP and GRI frameworks are available to the public but for data to be submitted to DJSI, companies must be invited and the results of the analysis are not available in the public domain. (Mark Sellberg, 25 Nov 2015) These frameworks also target different audiences. While CDP and DJSI target investors as their main audience. The GRI reports primary stakeholder are based upon the material issues for the company and typically include shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, regulators, NGOs, and local communities. In Australia sustainability reporting is voluntary. Companies choosing to do so in order to inform non-shareholder stakeholders about the companys performance with regards to the three main pillars of sustainability and setting up strategies for improve their impacts while disclosing to all stakeholders how a company is dealing with material non-financial and financial risks. According to Certified Practicing Accountants Australias (CPA Australia) 2004-2007 report Sustainability, Practice, Performance and Potential, there exists a strong correlation relating sustainability reporting and low probability of corporate distress. This relationship may also indicate the producing sustainability reports are proactive versus more prominent risks to their business and can prepare long term and integrated approach to risk benefitting both shareholders and stakeholders To address the diverse needs of Australias business community, one prime principle of sustainability was identified to be flexibility so that listed entities could first consider and then disclose sustainability or non-financial information that is pertinent to the (Ian Matheson, 2012, p.2) The ASX Corporate Governance Councils Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practice Recommendations views are that if the size, structure and operations of organisations differ hence flexibility must be allowed in the structures adopted to maximise individual performance. Even though, flexibility is granted, organisations should be accountable to investors for their alternative which is the if not, why not obligation. On the other hand, multiple submitters believe that there is a need for compulsory sustainability disclosures provide stakeholders with assurance that companies are doing business accountably and transparently so that players who currently ignore CSR come up to the standard, even if it is a minimum, as it will provide authorities something against which they can hold them to account. (Rod Masson, 2012, p.42) Finally, in that sense it can be seen from the ANZ banking group sustainability report that the organization has chosen a combination of sustainability framework so as to meet answer the expectations of their different stakeholders and at the same time identify areas to improve their operational or management activities, find better managerial strategies for their non-financial risks, find new markets or business opportunities and measure their performance against their competitors. (ANZ, Corporate Sustainability Review 2016)

Electromagnetic Spectrum Essay -- essays research papers fc

The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of six different types of waves. Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet light, X-rays and Gamma rays. The radio waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. The infrared waves are used to tell temperature of areas. Visible light is all the colors that we can see. Ultraviolet light can help things grow but to much can cause diseases such as skin cancer. X-rays are used as a tool to find broken bones or take pitchers of our sun. Gamma rays are used in medical science but they are oftenly used to produce images of our universe. If you would like to know more about the spectrum keep reading. The electromagnetic spectrum is the organization of six diferent wavelengths. Each having their own use. The spectrum in order from longest to shortest wavelengths is: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible light, Ultraviolet light, X-rays and Gamma rays. The most familiar forms of the spectrum are radio waves and light waves. The reason for that is, that we listen to the radio or use its waves more often than we think. For instance cell phones work off of radio waves. Light waves are used more often than we think because with out light we wouldent posibly be able to see color on any thing, or we wouldent have photosynthisis which sunlight is used for. The term spectrum refers to light in general or the whole range of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic field was found in the 19th centurie. It was founded by James Clerk MAXWELL of Scotland and published in 1865. The field is described in two quantities the electric component E and the magnetic component B and both charge in space and time. This meaning electric / magnetic / spectrum. Radio waves are used to transmit radio and television signals. Radio waves can send sounds at the speed of light. The range of radio waves can be less than a centimeter to tens or even hundredths of meters. Radio waves are produced by coherent motion of electrons such as the antenna of a radio transmitter. Coherent motion is the focused pattern of the waves, in this case. The radio waves are also produced by charged particles orbiting in magnetic fields. As you already know we have FM and AM radio waves. Well an FM radio station at 100 on the radio dial (100 megahertz) would have a wavelength of about 400 meters. A radio wave can also be us... ...cy. Nanometer- One billionth. Angstroms- Ten billionth. Bibliography: Internet: Http://hurlbut.jhuapl.edu/NEAR/Eucational/lessonSpectrum/lpspec.html http://www.mymate.demon.co.uk/em.htm http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr103/CourseNotes/rad_wave.htm http://www.li.net/~stmarya/stm/gamm_1.htm.. http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cossc/nasm/VU/overview/whatare/whatare.html Books: Grolier Encyclopedia, 1996 ElectrIcity and Magnetism, Prentice-Hall, 1993 Scott Forman, Physical Science Bell and Howell Company 1977 Readers digest-How In The World Library of congress, 1990 Adventures In Scuba Diving, NAUI, 1996 Eric M. Rogers, Physics For The Inquiring Mind Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1960 Magazine: Global Communications OMNI, November 1990 Acknologements: I would like to thank Mr. Rhan for giving me the time to work on the electromagnetic spectrum during his math class period. And I would also like to thank that stupid voice in my head for keeping me on task, against my will. I cant forget good old Mr. Garcia for giving me such a short time to finish this but the confidence it took to succeed as well. And my dear old dad since he asked me to thank him too.

My Cross-Cultural Experiences

1. First cross-cultural experiences that I have had in my life * The first culture clash I had was on my first trip to Germany. It was when my friend and me went on a ski trip with our school. We arrived a town called Innsbruck where we stayed at a hotel. I got very surprised when I first got there, the first thing I recognized was the houses they lived in, they all had names on their houses. It was painted on their front wall. This didn’t make any sense for me but I was told that it was because some of the houses where family houses.And that they rented out rooms. At the same day when we went for dinner at our hotel we got served 4 meals. We first got soup, then salad, the main meal and dessert. This didn’t make any sense for me, because back home I was not used to get 4 meals at a restaurant. That night I went to take a shower but I couldn't figure out how to turn on the water in the shower. There were three knobs above the tub, so I assumed that they were for hot, wa rm, and cold water. I twisted the â€Å"warm† knob, but no water came out.Then I tried the two others, and I did get some water, but it was either too cold or too warm. I was too embarrassed to ask anyone for help with such a simple thing, so after making several unsuccessful attempts, I gave up. I had a cold bath instead. 2. Second cross-cultural experiences that I have had in my life – The second experience I had was when I first visited the United States. When I first arrived Westminster College I was so excited and scared at the same time.I have never lived in a community called â€Å"dorms† before and I was not sure how it would work and I had no clue how my roommates would be. The first thing I recognized was how much they talked and their conversation was at a very loud level. The next day I recognized how nice the people were, they smiled and they even said hi to me. I got shocked when people even hold the door open when I was far away they would stand t here and wait for me.When we went out for dinner that night I was also surprised when I ordered a coke, when I finished the coke the waitress came out with another one I got confused and told her that it has to be a misunderstanding because I didn’t ordered another one. She told me that it was free refuel. I felt kind of stupid, and my roommates started laughing at me because they thought it was funny. I told my roommates that in Norway we have to pay for the refuel and after that they taught me more about their culture so I could be more able to adapt to their culture.

Concept of Decision Support (DS)

Concept of Decision Support (DS) Decision Support (DS) is a term that is frequently applied in a number of contexts which are associated with decision making. For instance, it is usually mentioned in relation to Data Warehouses as well as On-Line Analytical Processing (Watson, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Concept of Decision Support (DS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has also been established that Data support is closely associated with Data Mining. Data mining entails analysis of data obtained from different perspectives then the same is summarized to obtain useful information which the businesses can use in cost cutting or increasing their revenue. Decision Support appears to be both simple and spontaneous in nature. In fact it is always loosely defined. It should be noted that to different people, the term implies to different things and also in diverse contexts. In the recent times, the term is mainly linked to Data Warehous es as well as On Line Analytical Processing. However, ten years ago, the term was linked to Decision Support Systems (DSS). Before then, it was closely connected to Decision Analysis (DA) as well as Operations Research (OR). This has brought about a lot of misunderstanding and confusion, thereby bringing about the need for clarification. Decision support system (DSS) may be defined as an information system which supports decision making within organizations and businesses. It should be noted that for a system to qualify to be called a Decision support system, it has to be computer based. This kind of system has been proved to be of great benefits to the various departments of organizations including the planning department as well as the operations departments since it helps in coming up with rapidly changing decisions (Eta, 2007). It should be noted that DS also incorporate knowledge based system. A Decision Support System which is properly designed will aid decision makers to gath er vital information from numerous documents, raw data, personal knowledge, as well as business models so as to not only identify but also to provide solution to problems and also to come up with decisions.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A number of information may be gathered by decision support. These include records of information resources, relative sales information between two or more periods, as well as the anticipated revenue figures (Sprague and Watson, 1993). The term Knowledge worker is used to refer to the workers who are involved in decision making as well as analysis of information within the organization or business. In a number of instances, it is applied in the broader perspective of knowledge management (Yoram and Adi, 2005). Decision support system (DSS) supports decision making within organizations and businesses. Therefore, Decision Suppo rt System is of great use to the knowledge workers as it will help facilitate the decision making process. In addition, Decision support is also of great benefit to knowledge workers as it encourages the exploration as well as the discovery of new ideas. It also promotes learning as well as training; exposes new techniques of thinking about problems and also helps knowledge workers in generating evidence when supporting a given decision (Mallach, 1994). In sum, it makes work easier for knowledge Workers. To me, the most valuable information system tool that can be applied for decision support in my organization is the clinical support decision system (CSDS). Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is specifically designed to help physicians as well as other professional health workers who are charged with decision making roles like determining diagnosis of the data of the patients. CDSS link the observations made by the health workers with the exact health knowledge so as to influen ce the decisions made by the health workers for better health care (Silver, 1991). Information storage and data management in the clinical set up is very important in the management of any health facility. This is because it helps in tracking the trends of the epidemic and for planning purposes. This system if employed within the clinical systems, record keeping and tracking of trends can be made very easy, hence increasing the efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Concept of Decision Support (DS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clinical Decision Support System uses the patient data so as to come up with an advice that is case-specific. It should be noted that it majorly uses knowledge management so as to provide clinical advice based on the information provided by the patients. Clinicians use CDSS in analysis as well as diagnosis of the information provided by the patients. They help clinicians in decis ion making. Previously, the clinician would just input the information provided by the patient and just rely on the output provided by the CDSS. The clinician would just use the output in decision making. However, clinicians now have to use the output of CDSS together with their knowledge so as to come up with improved analysis as well as conclusion (Sauter, 1997). When applied in a health facility, CDSS will be of great benefit to the facility as it will result into improvements. Indeed it is beneficial as it also provide recommendations rather than just assessment. It also eliminates much paper work. I strongly feel that it is the most relevant for my organization. With the reduced paper work, it implies that more patients will be treated within the shortage time possible. References Eta, S.B. (2007). Clinical Decision Support Systems. New York, NY: Springer. Mallach, E.G. (1994). Understanding Decision Support and Expert Systems. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin. Sauter, V. L. (1997). Decis ion support systems: an applied managerial approach. New York, John Wiley.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Silver, M. (1991). Systems that support decision makers: description and analysis.  Chichester ; New York, Wiley. Sprague, R. H. and H. J. Watson (1993). Decision support systems: putting theory into  Practice. Englewood Clifts, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Watson, H.J. (1998). Decision Support in the Data Warehouse. N.J.: Prentice- Hall. Yoram, R and Adi, K. (2005). Decision Support Systems. Vol. 41 Issue 1, p1-19, 19p.

What happens when employees lose respect for management

What happens when employees lose respect for management? Eventually, the entire business will break down. Employees will stop following office rules because they do not fear the possibility of being reprimanded for their actions. This breakdown is what has happened at the Student Government Computer Services computer lab. The loss of respect by employees causes them to slack on many of their duties that are essential for the lab to run smoothly. Some of these duties may seem trivial to employees, but in reality can be very important. Here is a list of some of the more important duties that are in some way being neglected by current employees: Keeping of accurate print logs Properly logging students in and out Dealing properly with lost items Completion of new hire projects Keeping food and drinks out of the lab One of the most important duties of each lab assistant is to log prints and scans as they are done for each customer. Each customer is limited to 30 regular prints and up to 8 color prints. When a customer receives a print, each page printed is to be logged by the lab assistant under the specific printer the print was done on. At the end of each day, the closing lab assistant is to print out and print count from each printer and be sure that the print count matches the amount of prints logged. It has become apparent that employees are fudging print logs so they match the end-of-day print counts. The logging of prints and scans is one duty that seems to be considered the most trivial by employees. In actuality, this duty is one of the most important. Since the computer lab is funded entirely by student government, it is essential that we keep accurate records of usage in order for us to justify receiving the amount of funds that we do. Very similar in importance is the lab assistants duty to log students in and out as they use

Global water crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global water crisis - Research Paper Example For purposes of this particular study, the author will seek to discuss some of the triggers of the global water crisis that is currently taking place, the means by which this crisis impacts upon the economically disadvantaged, sick, and poverty stricken to a disproportional degree, and some of the most promising solutions as they exists within the modern technologically developing world. As such, certain cases will be analyzed under the lens of two possible scenarios for leveraging water resources within areas around the globe within the next 50 years. In such a way, by analyzing the two means by which a high level of fresh water resources can be procured, it is the hope of this student that such a recommendation and approach can help to both inform policy makers within the government, society, and industry with the ways that current changes to extant realities can positively impact upon the future of these regions. Although it may seem convenient to approach the water resource short age from purely a regional perspective, the fact of the matter is that water shortages, as well as the overall purity of these water resources, is an issue that globally effects 780 million people (Ellis, 2011). As has briefly been discussed within the introduction and regional information overview, two factors that continue to have a profound and noticeable effect on the existence of water shortage issues is the growth of the world’s population in tandem with the changes to precipitation that global climate change have affected. Due to the fact that many previously populated regions of the world have experienced a great degree of desertification, the extent to which the natural environment can continue to provide the ever increasing demands of the native population comes into question (Kishore, 2013). Environmentalists and researchers are in agreement that unless fundamental changes are made with regards to the way the world’s water resources are utilized, within the next few decades the access to water will become a far greater issue than it is currently. Besides the rapid growth in human population, the rise in industrialization and the means by which the developing world is rapidly seeking to integrate with the global economy by supplying consumer goods to the developed world can be seen as one of the primary issues that trigger some of the global water shortages that are exhibited within the current time (Hull, 2009). Ultimately, industrialization is not only a polluting process but one that utilizes high levels of steam or water power as both a means to cool the process and machinery of production and as a type of power to drive it. Moreover, in poorer regions of the developing world, non-technologically advanced farming methods see millions of gallons of irrigation water squandered while entire regions go without basic potable water needs. Similarly, the actual size of most water supplies around the world has shrunk as a result of climate change and the ones that are remaining have oftentimes been tainted by pollution; so much so that entire populations that had previously had ready access to potable and sustainable levels of drinking water find themselves in a water shortage and/or water crisis within the current time. Due to the fact that the resource of water is the very fundamental building block of all forms of biological life on planet earth, it is of vital and daily importance to

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example In fact, the same historical figure who penned the words â€Å"all men were created equal† owned 200 slaves and more importantly violated his republican political philosophy during his presidency. There have been varied views on the question of the contradictions seen in the greatest of the American Fathers. However, one most justified position to hold would be to see Jefferson taking a part in the American trait of being in conflict rather than perceiving him as a marked contradicting figure. Such a position is partly on the basis of the contradictory views and conclusions on the contradiction of Jefferson, the one time political giant of our Nation and partly on the awareness of American trait of conflicts. Thus, it is of pertinent value to comprehend the interpretations of the historians who consider Jefferson as a person of contradictions. According to Christopher Hitchens who writes of how historians view Jefferson, â€Å"it would be lazy or obvious to say that he contained contradictions or paradoxes. This is true of everybody, and of everything. It would be infinitely more surprising to strike upon a historic figure, or indeed a nation, that was not subject to this law. Jefferson did not embody contradiction. Jefferson was a contradiction, and this will be found at every step of the narrative that goes to make up his life. (Hitchens, 2008). It has ever been remarked that Jefferson was in two minds about slavery throughout his career which can be seen as evidence for his conflicts. On the one hand, as a young politician, he held his views for the prohibition of slavery in new American territories and, on the other, he never freed his own slaves which made him a contradiction in hi mself. The significant question ever have been â€Å"How could a man responsible for writing the sacred words "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal" have been a slave owner? He never resolved his internal